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土地流轉(zhuǎn)中的現(xiàn)實(shí)性困局何解?

2018-06-20 16:51:52 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:四夕 閱讀量:44602 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:隨著現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)不斷發(fā)展,農(nóng)村“空心化”問題也在日益嚴(yán)重,農(nóng)業(yè)的機(jī)械化和適度規(guī)?;讶皇谴髣?shì)所趨。在此背景下,國(guó)家支持鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民通過轉(zhuǎn)包、轉(zhuǎn)讓、入股等多種方式出讓土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán),將承包地向?qū)I(yè)大戶、合作社等群體流轉(zhuǎn)。

  【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】隨著現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)不斷發(fā)展,農(nóng)村“空心化”問題也在日益嚴(yán)重,農(nóng)業(yè)的機(jī)械化和適度規(guī)?;讶皇谴髣?shì)所趨。在此背景下,國(guó)家支持鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民通過轉(zhuǎn)包、轉(zhuǎn)讓、入股等多種方式出讓土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán),將承包地向?qū)I(yè)大戶、合作社等群體流轉(zhuǎn)。
 
  對(duì)于不愿意待在農(nóng)村繼續(xù)從事農(nóng)業(yè)的人來說,土地流轉(zhuǎn)既避免了讓老家的耕地就此荒廢,又能夠沒有后顧之憂地外出從事其他工作,年底還能收到地租或者分紅;而對(duì)于土地流入方來說,這無疑為機(jī)械化、規(guī)?;霓r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)提供了便利,此外,還有土地流轉(zhuǎn)補(bǔ)貼的幫助;對(duì)于當(dāng)?shù)卣w的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的益處更是不必說,土地資源優(yōu)化配置、合理布局帶來的收益也是清楚可見的。這么看來,這幾乎是個(gè)“皆大歡喜”的局面了。然而,事實(shí)上,在土地流轉(zhuǎn)過程中卻并不那么“皆大歡喜”。
 
  土地流轉(zhuǎn)中的糾紛與困局
 
  “熟人辦事好說話”并非空穴來風(fēng),我們國(guó)家歷來是一個(gè)“人情社會(huì)”,注重“禮尚往來”,有時(shí)甚至是禮大于法。而在農(nóng)村,熟人社會(huì)的特色則更加鮮明,以“關(guān)系”代替“契約”的例子比比皆是。在土地流轉(zhuǎn)過程中,普遍存在只定下口頭協(xié)議的現(xiàn)象,即便是簽訂了合同也有條款不明等問題,以至于權(quán)責(zé)不明為之后可能產(chǎn)生的糾紛埋下了隱患。
 
  對(duì)于很多流轉(zhuǎn)大戶而言,土地流轉(zhuǎn)為其規(guī)?;?、機(jī)械化經(jīng)營(yíng)提供了奠定了基礎(chǔ),加之政策扶持和相關(guān)補(bǔ)助等的助推作用,可以說是“正想要打瞌睡送來了枕頭”。但是,在實(shí)際操作過程中,由于缺乏整體規(guī)劃布局,這場(chǎng)土地流轉(zhuǎn)的大戲后卻以許多流轉(zhuǎn)大戶紛紛退租或分片轉(zhuǎn)租甚至撂荒告終。趨利是人的本性,而在市場(chǎng)的作用下更是被無限放大。一旦看到流轉(zhuǎn)大戶的種植獲得了高額利益,很少有人能夠抵抗得了“跟風(fēng)”的誘惑,然而,盲目跟風(fēng)的后果由可能帶來的是市場(chǎng)供需失衡,“菜賤傷農(nóng)”的教訓(xùn)也不少。
 
  而即便沒有盲目跟風(fēng),事實(shí)上也很難兼顧資源效益優(yōu)化與農(nóng)民收益大化。很多農(nóng)民在土地流轉(zhuǎn)的時(shí)候價(jià)格依然參照普通水稻種植定價(jià),但是隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和鄉(xiāng)村三產(chǎn)融合發(fā)展的提速,土地的用途并不僅僅只是用作于種植水稻。那么,在這種情況下,種的是高價(jià)作物,定的是稻谷租金,部分農(nóng)民自然感覺未能獲得合理收入,糾紛就此產(chǎn)生。
 
  現(xiàn)實(shí)性困局如何破解?
 
  在土地流轉(zhuǎn)過程中合同無效化、內(nèi)容不規(guī)范、手續(xù)不齊問題依然存在。在簽訂土地流轉(zhuǎn)合同時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)填寫完整、注意日期問題、寫明糾紛處理辦法等明細(xì),盡量減小糾紛發(fā)生的可能。同時(shí),還應(yīng)切記“親兄弟明算賬”,口頭協(xié)議的方式不可取,只有簽訂合同才能在法律意義上保障自身利益。
 
  政府應(yīng)當(dāng)參照科學(xué)依據(jù)和規(guī)范,制定更加合理的土地流轉(zhuǎn)政策,盡量避免因缺乏合理規(guī)劃布局、盲目跟風(fēng)搞土地流轉(zhuǎn)而造成的損失。各項(xiàng)有關(guān)土地流轉(zhuǎn)的相關(guān)措施和補(bǔ)貼政策,更是需要落實(shí)到位,真正做到“應(yīng)補(bǔ)盡補(bǔ)”。
 
  歸根結(jié)底,很多糾紛的產(chǎn)生都是建立在土地流轉(zhuǎn)雙方對(duì)于價(jià)格制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不對(duì)等的基礎(chǔ)上的。因此,完善定價(jià)服務(wù),提升農(nóng)村資源合理定價(jià)水平正是當(dāng)前亟待解決的問題。應(yīng)當(dāng)建立健全農(nóng)村資源定價(jià)機(jī)制,對(duì)各項(xiàng)定價(jià)服務(wù)加以細(xì)分;完善市場(chǎng)溝通機(jī)制,為土地流轉(zhuǎn)定價(jià)建立合理參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn);提高農(nóng)民對(duì)于土地資源價(jià)值的有效認(rèn)識(shí),以及對(duì)于市場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)需求不斷變化的及時(shí)跟進(jìn)認(rèn)識(shí)。
 
 
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