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特色農(nóng)場——未來農(nóng)村改革發(fā)展的重要推動力

2018-06-15 08:53:43 來源:中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:29816 評論

導(dǎo)讀:“家庭農(nóng)場”是實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營的一種有效方式,可以激發(fā)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活力。早在2013年國家就提出鼓勵和支持承包土地向?qū)I(yè)大戶、家庭農(nóng)場、農(nóng)民合作社流轉(zhuǎn)。2017年又提出了要大力支持家庭農(nóng)場和休閑觀光型農(nóng)場的建設(shè)。隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的逐步發(fā)展,家庭農(nóng)場也在發(fā)生變化,逐步向現(xiàn)代化、特色化發(fā)展,目前各地根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)業(yè)資源,按照“宜場則場、宜戶則戶、宜企則企、宜社則社”的原則,注重多元化、多樣化發(fā)展,選擇

  【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】“家庭農(nóng)場”是實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營的一種有效方式,可以激發(fā)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活力。早在2013年國家就提出鼓勵和支持承包土地向?qū)I(yè)大戶、家庭農(nóng)場、農(nóng)民合作社流轉(zhuǎn)。2017年又提出了要大力支持家庭農(nóng)場和休閑觀光型農(nóng)場的建設(shè)。隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的逐步發(fā)展,家庭農(nóng)場也在發(fā)生變化,逐步向現(xiàn)代化、特色化發(fā)展,目前各地根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)業(yè)資源,按照“宜場則場、宜戶則戶、宜企則企、宜社則社”的原則,注重多元化、多樣化發(fā)展,選擇適合自己的發(fā)展模式,形成了各具特點的特色農(nóng)場。
 
  黑龍江:創(chuàng)業(yè)農(nóng)場的特色水稻
 
  日前,在黑龍江創(chuàng)業(yè)農(nóng)場管理區(qū)*棚基地內(nèi),這個農(nóng)場利用育秧大棚實驗種植的9棟旱作稻長勢喜人,與全場50多萬畝大田水稻一樣已全部進入分蘗盛期,這標(biāo)志著這個農(nóng)場探索特色水稻種植新“稻”路又取得了突破性進展。
 
  創(chuàng)業(yè)農(nóng)場位于三江平原腹地,是一個擁有水田57萬畝的現(xiàn)代化國有農(nóng)場。近年來,這個農(nóng)場積極轉(zhuǎn)方式、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),加快實施農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革,大力發(fā)展綠色農(nóng)業(yè)、生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)、觀光農(nóng)業(yè)。綠色水稻、有機水稻、蟹稻、糯稻、黑稻、長粒香稻等一大批特色水稻已在這個農(nóng)場落地生根。為了讓特色水稻種植“稻”路越走越寬,今年,這個農(nóng)場又利用育秧大棚棚膜增溫技術(shù)實驗種植了9棟口感好、品質(zhì)高的晚熟旱作稻,讓土地資源得到充分利用的同時,也能讓種植戶獲得更高的經(jīng)濟效益。
 
  據(jù)了解,大棚旱作稻是集超早育苗、棚膜增溫、旱整地、測土配方施肥、節(jié)水灌溉、葉齡診斷管理等多項技術(shù)有機結(jié)合的一種全新水稻栽培模式,該栽培模式種植成本低,效益高,既省時、省力、節(jié)水、節(jié)肥、環(huán)保,又可以提高稻米口感,市場前景非??捎^。一棟60米的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大棚,產(chǎn)量大概在600~700斤,按照目前水稻價格計算,產(chǎn)值大概在900~1000元,畝效益400元以上。
 
  河北:打造智慧農(nóng)場
 
  今年,河北省財政將投入2000萬元,在全省創(chuàng)建8個全程機械化示范縣(市),打造18個農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝和信息化深度融合的農(nóng)機合作社“智慧農(nóng)場”。
 
  河北省將在8個縣(市)開展全程機械化示范縣(市)創(chuàng)建,創(chuàng)建縣(市)定位小麥、玉米、馬鈴薯、花生、谷子(大豆)等主要農(nóng)作物,聚焦聯(lián)合耕整地、播種、植保、籽粒收獲、烘干、產(chǎn)后初加工等“短板”環(huán)節(jié)。
 
  據(jù)了解,參與“智慧農(nóng)場”創(chuàng)建的農(nóng)機合作社規(guī)模經(jīng)營的流轉(zhuǎn)土地(股份制經(jīng)營土地)要在800畝以上,或全程托管土地2000畝以上。“智慧農(nóng)場”將從農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革入手,以信息化和智能化為,引進遙感、北斗定位、自動駕駛、大數(shù)據(jù)作業(yè)平臺,開展施肥(藥)等8大現(xiàn)代農(nóng)機化作業(yè)技術(shù)試驗示范,依靠科研單位技術(shù)支撐開展全程機械化“智慧農(nóng)場”創(chuàng)建活動,集成試驗示范農(nóng)機、農(nóng)藝和信息化深度融合的新技術(shù)和新裝備,為發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)提供裝備支撐。
 
  中國臺灣:清境農(nóng)場——“小瑞士”
 
  休閑農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展促進了中國臺灣農(nóng)業(yè)的成功轉(zhuǎn)型,“三產(chǎn)”融合促進了中國臺灣農(nóng)業(yè)旅游經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。中國臺灣休閑農(nóng)業(yè)起源于上世紀(jì)七八十年代,至今已有三十多年的發(fā)展歷史,目前中國臺灣的休閑農(nóng)業(yè)已經(jīng)走紅市場,內(nèi)陸、香港、新加坡、馬來西亞等地的游客不斷增多。
 
  清境農(nóng)場是中國臺灣休閑農(nóng)業(yè)的經(jīng)典項目之一,創(chuàng)建于1961年,位于中國臺灣南投縣仁愛鄉(xiāng),臨近合歡山,面積700公頃,海拔1748米,有“霧上桃源”的美名,是中國臺灣的高山度假勝地。
 
  清境鄉(xiāng)村農(nóng)場利用的草場和山地景觀資源,打造特色農(nóng)場和風(fēng)情民宿,吸引游客遠離城市,體驗獨特的山地田園風(fēng)光。
 
  結(jié)語
 
  我國農(nóng)村幅員遼闊、資源豐富,發(fā)展特色農(nóng)場有利于充分利用農(nóng)村資源,促進土地等生產(chǎn)要素向生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營能手集中,有利于實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)機械化、現(xiàn)代化,大幅度提高土地利用率、投入產(chǎn)出率、勞動生產(chǎn)率和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品商品率,提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的科技含量和市場競爭力,帶動農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,是實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的重要舉措,對發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)具有重要的作用和現(xiàn)實意義。
 
  本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:黑龍江省農(nóng)墾總局、農(nóng)民日報,如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。
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