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推廣使用有機(jī)肥料：讓土地變肥，讓農(nóng)民增收

2018-06-27 15:44:09 來源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：30876 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：作為農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)，目前我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展處于歷史拐點(diǎn)中，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)已由追求產(chǎn)量向提升質(zhì)量轉(zhuǎn)變，由于前期我國(guó)濫用肥料，導(dǎo)致部分地區(qū)土壤流失嚴(yán)重，為保證農(nóng)業(yè)的可持性發(fā)展，近年來國(guó)家大力提倡減少化肥使用量，推廣使用有機(jī)肥、新型肥料等，目前各地成效顯著。其中，江西、貴州、安徽等地區(qū)起到了很好的示范作用。

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 作為農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)，目前我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展處于歷史拐點(diǎn)中，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)已由追求產(chǎn)量向提升質(zhì)量轉(zhuǎn)變，由于前期我國(guó)濫用肥料，導(dǎo)致部分地區(qū)土壤流失嚴(yán)重，為保證農(nóng)業(yè)的可持性發(fā)展，近年來國(guó)家大力提倡減少化肥使用量，推廣使用有機(jī)肥、新型肥料等，目前各地成效顯著。其中，江西、貴州、安徽等地區(qū)起到了很好的示范作用。
 
　　江西：推廣綠肥，肥了農(nóng)田富了農(nóng)民
 
　　綠肥是用作肥料的綠色植物體，是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的重要有機(jī)肥料之一。近年來，江西各級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)部門高度重視恢復(fù)綠肥生產(chǎn)工作，并多方爭(zhēng)取資金實(shí)施綠肥種植補(bǔ)貼，使綠肥種植面積迅速得到有效恢復(fù)，農(nóng)民種植意愿明顯提高。近年全省稻田紫云英種植面積穩(wěn)定在500萬畝以上，肥田蘿卜、油菜綠肥、果園綠肥和其他豆科綠肥作物面積也在不斷增加。
 
　　據(jù)了解，紫云英是非常清潔的有機(jī)肥源，紫云英花更是很好的蜂蜜蜜源。它易于栽培，生產(chǎn)管理低于其他農(nóng)作物，種植紫云英畝均可節(jié)本增收60元，并能有效增加土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量，改善土壤理化性能，提升耕地土壤肥力。綠肥在提高了耕地綜合生產(chǎn)能力，生物固氮，減少化肥投入10%-30%，減輕了農(nóng)田面源污染，綠色生態(tài)，提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。
 
　　貴州岑鞏縣：推廣有機(jī)肥5萬畝
 
　　今年以來，貴州省黔東南苗族侗族自治州岑鞏縣加大有機(jī)肥推廣應(yīng)用力度，目前共計(jì)推廣有機(jī)肥面積5.04萬畝，施用有機(jī)肥13850噸。其中，水稻有機(jī)肥推廣面積1.2萬畝，施用有機(jī)肥6000噸；果樹有機(jī)肥推廣面積6000畝，施用有機(jī)肥2500噸；蔬菜推廣面積5000畝，施用有機(jī)肥2000噸；花卉推廣面積2000畝，施用有機(jī)肥410噸；烤煙推廣面積2.34萬畝，施用有機(jī)肥2420噸；中藥材推廣面積2000畝，施用有機(jī)肥520噸。
 
　　岑鞏縣緊緊圍繞“穩(wěn)糧增收調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，提質(zhì)增效轉(zhuǎn)方式”的工作主線，大力推進(jìn)化肥減量提效工作。岑鞏縣以產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展為基礎(chǔ)，主動(dòng)作為，以增施有機(jī)肥作為減少化肥用量的有效行動(dòng)抓手，引導(dǎo)、鼓勵(lì)和支持農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體、種植大戶和廣大農(nóng)戶增施有機(jī)肥。
 
　　安徽桐城：有機(jī)肥讓“桐城小花”茶香四溢
 
　　“桐城小花”是歷史名茶，史稱“品不減龍井”，也是安徽茶葉的一張名片。近年來，由于化肥的過量使用，桐城茶園的土壤出現(xiàn)了板結(jié)硬化的現(xiàn)象，茶葉品質(zhì)也受到了影響。
 
　　去年，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部公布了果菜茶有機(jī)肥替代化肥行動(dòng)方案，桐城市作為茶葉有機(jī)肥替代化肥示范縣，開展了多項(xiàng)茶葉有機(jī)肥替代化肥行動(dòng)。經(jīng)過一年多的項(xiàng)目實(shí)施，有機(jī)肥用量提高了21.43%，且茶葉質(zhì)量明顯變好。
 
　　據(jù)了解，在有機(jī)肥施用上，當(dāng)?shù)厥痉秴^(qū)茶葉有機(jī)肥每畝施用量從2016年的87.5公斤(實(shí)物量)提高到了2017年的106.25公斤，畝均增加18.75公斤，增幅達(dá)21.43%。桐城市還通過購買服務(wù)的方式，支持2家有機(jī)肥企業(yè)參與5家畜禽養(yǎng)殖戶的糞污資源化利用，采用補(bǔ)貼的方式，鼓勵(lì)新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體施用商品有機(jī)肥。另外，桐城市還集中推廣秸稈還田、商品有機(jī)肥施用、沼液還田、種植綠肥等技術(shù)措施，提高肥料利用率。2017年，桐城市畜禽糞污綜合利用率由2016年的75%提高到了80%。土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量平均提高5%以上，酸化、鹽漬化等問題得到初步改善。
 
　　結(jié)語
 
　　推廣使用有機(jī)肥不僅能改善土壤質(zhì)量、提高土壤肥力，還可以降低肥料投入成本，減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)；同時(shí)，推廣有機(jī)肥是促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)增產(chǎn)、農(nóng)民增收的重要措施，是提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)、增強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的重要環(huán)節(jié)，提高農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力、促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的治本措施，同時(shí)也是降低生產(chǎn)成本、促進(jìn)農(nóng)民節(jié)本增收的重要途徑。
 
　　本文由中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：農(nóng)民日?qǐng)?bào)、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)新聞網(wǎng)、中國(guó)化肥網(wǎng)，如有侵權(quán)或異議請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。

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