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炎炎夏日下的高溫“烤”驗(yàn)：加快“機(jī)器換人”勢(shì)在必行

2018-07-30 17:24:32 來源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：四夕 閱讀量：51077 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：隨著三伏天的到來，一年中熱的時(shí)候終于來臨。中央氣象臺(tái)7月30日06時(shí)繼續(xù)發(fā)布高溫黃色預(yù)警：預(yù)計(jì)7月30日白天，重慶北部和中西部、湖北東部、湖南東部、江西大部、浙江中南部、安徽南部、福建東部、遼寧北部以及吐魯番盆地等地的部分地區(qū)高氣溫37～39℃，局部地區(qū)可達(dá)40℃。

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】隨著三伏天的到來，一年中熱的時(shí)候終于來臨。中央氣象臺(tái)7月30日06時(shí)繼續(xù)發(fā)布高溫黃色預(yù)警：預(yù)計(jì)7月30日白天，重慶北部和中西部、湖北東部、湖南東部、江西大部、浙江中南部、安徽南部、福建東部、遼寧北部以及吐魯番盆地等地的部分地區(qū)高氣溫37～39℃，局部地區(qū)可達(dá)40℃。
 
杭州一周天氣情況
 
　　在高溫預(yù)警下，很多地方白天的高氣溫已經(jīng)超過了人體氣溫。在這樣的溫度下，蝸居在空調(diào)房里已然成為了多數(shù)人的佳選擇。然而我們卻要知道，即便是在如此炎熱的環(huán)境下，還有那么一群人卻還在室外揮汗如雨。
 
　　或許只有真正去田地里頭見識(shí)過的人，才能夠理解白居易筆下的“足蒸暑土氣，背灼炎天光。力盡不知熱，但惜夏日長(zhǎng)。”炎炎烈日下，農(nóng)民們揮汗如雨，他們有的會(huì)在脖子上掛一條毛巾用來擦汗，然而不多時(shí)毛巾就像剛從水里撈上來一樣已然全部被打濕。但是即便是這么惡劣的環(huán)境，他們更加擔(dān)心的卻是一天勞作下來農(nóng)事還是忙不完該怎么辦？尤其是從事蔬菜水果采摘的，更是擔(dān)心效率問題。
 
　　更不用提現(xiàn)今農(nóng)村愈加嚴(yán)重的“空心化”問題，農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力越來越少，能夠冒著毒辣的太陽在田地里勞作的人更是。面對(duì)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力短缺現(xiàn)象不斷加劇的情況，發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化勢(shì)在必行。機(jī)器采摘可以提率，設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)可以改善工作條件，新的農(nóng)業(yè)合作組織和用工方式也可以調(diào)劑勞動(dòng)力。因此，“機(jī)器換人”進(jìn)程需進(jìn)一步加快。
 
　　截至2017年底，全國(guó)80馬力以上大型拖拉機(jī)、深松機(jī)、秸稈粉碎還田機(jī)保有量比“十二五”末分別增長(zhǎng)了26%、16.7%、10%，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化正在不斷發(fā)展。但與此同時(shí)，在發(fā)展過程中依然還存在一系列問題。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域機(jī)器換人推廣難題
 
　　既然我們要加快農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的機(jī)器換人推廣進(jìn)度，那么我們就應(yīng)當(dāng)清晰地認(rèn)識(shí)到在推廣過程中存在的問題。當(dāng)前我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化大的制約在于農(nóng)機(jī)新技術(shù)、新裝備的有效供給不足，尤其是在中產(chǎn)品方面，很大程度上還依賴于進(jìn)口。同時(shí)，農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合度也還不夠，技術(shù)集成配套和系統(tǒng)解決方案研究剛剛起步。
 
　　而農(nóng)機(jī)的推廣使用不能忽視的一個(gè)問題就是我國(guó)丘陵地區(qū)的農(nóng)機(jī)化難題了。我國(guó)丘陵山區(qū)耕地面積占比超過50%，是我國(guó)糧油糖作物及薯類、果桑茶麻、蔬菜、青飼料等特色經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的重要生產(chǎn)基地，但是除部分微小型耕作機(jī)械和茶葉機(jī)械、部分作物小型產(chǎn)后加工設(shè)備等種類機(jī)械外，在多數(shù)農(nóng)作物以及多數(shù)環(huán)節(jié)卻依然缺乏與地形相匹配的合適農(nóng)機(jī)。
 
　　手機(jī)將成為“新農(nóng)具”
 
　　隨著“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+農(nóng)業(yè)”的普及和融合發(fā)展，農(nóng)機(jī)智能化、自動(dòng)化、數(shù)字化進(jìn)程不斷加快，并推動(dòng)形成以物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計(jì)算等新興技術(shù)為支撐和手段的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)。在此過程中，智能手機(jī)發(fā)揮的作用越來越大。
 
　　一般來說，智能農(nóng)機(jī)包括感知、連接、數(shù)據(jù)、分析、控制五個(gè)要素。而智能傳感器等信息化系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用則更加表明了智能農(nóng)機(jī)的使用在很大程度上依賴于實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)的采集分析，而采集到的信息所依賴的載體一般以智能手機(jī)為主。因此，可以說，智能手機(jī)已經(jīng)逐步成為了農(nóng)民手中的“新農(nóng)具”。
 
　　上周，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部在北京啟動(dòng)2018年全國(guó)農(nóng)民手機(jī)應(yīng)用技能培訓(xùn)周系列活動(dòng)，通過對(duì)農(nóng)民手機(jī)運(yùn)用的培訓(xùn)，加快農(nóng)村信息化發(fā)展，使農(nóng)民不管在農(nóng)機(jī)智能化使用方面還是借助互聯(lián)網(wǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)銷對(duì)接方面都更加得心應(yīng)手。
 
　　小結(jié)
 
　　在當(dāng)今城市化進(jìn)程不斷加快的背景下，農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力下降似乎已經(jīng)成為不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的趨勢(shì)。而現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展更是離不開農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的全面全程化運(yùn)用。因此，不管是從根本上解決高溫“烤”驗(yàn)的問題，還是解答誰來種地的疑問，都只能依靠農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展。
 
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