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今年全國(guó)繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大輪作休耕制度試點(diǎn)，推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色可持續(xù)發(fā)展

2019-03-07 15:46:46 來(lái)源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：18479 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：耕地輪作休耕是很多國(guó)家和地區(qū)進(jìn)行耕地地力維持和農(nóng)田生態(tài)保育的重要措施，通過(guò)種植綠肥、油菜等養(yǎng)地作物替代小麥種植，或是進(jìn)行一季深耕曬垡，可以有效緩解小麥秸稈還田壓力，讓長(zhǎng)期超負(fù)荷的耕地“歇一歇”“喘口氣”，可以從根本上改善土壤肥力。2019年中央一號(hào)文件提出擴(kuò)大輪作休耕制度試點(diǎn)，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部提出耕地輪作休耕制度試點(diǎn)保持在3000萬(wàn)畝以上。

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 耕地輪作休耕是很多國(guó)家和地區(qū)進(jìn)行耕地地力維持和農(nóng)田生態(tài)保育的重要措施，通過(guò)種植綠肥、油菜等養(yǎng)地作物替代小麥種植，或是進(jìn)行一季深耕曬垡，可以有效緩解小麥秸稈還田壓力，讓長(zhǎng)期超負(fù)荷的耕地“歇一歇”“喘口氣”，可以從根本上改善土壤肥力。2019年中央一號(hào)文件提出擴(kuò)大輪作休耕制度試點(diǎn)，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部提出耕地輪作休耕制度試點(diǎn)保持在3000萬(wàn)畝以上。

　　天津市推行耕地輪作休耕試點(diǎn)，每畝補(bǔ)助200元
 
　　近日，天津市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村委員會(huì)印發(fā)《天津市2019年耕地輪作休耕制度試點(diǎn)實(shí)施方案》，進(jìn)一步探索建立耕地輪作休耕組織方式和政策體系，探索形成糧豆輪作與調(diào)節(jié)糧食等主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供求余缺的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。
 
　　為了穩(wěn)定農(nóng)民收益，保證農(nóng)民種植收益不降低，穩(wěn)定輪作休耕試點(diǎn)種植收入，對(duì)試點(diǎn)區(qū)范圍內(nèi)，承擔(dān)輪作休耕任務(wù)的種植大戶、家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)、農(nóng)民合作社、農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)、國(guó)有農(nóng)場(chǎng)等經(jīng)營(yíng)主體，給予必要補(bǔ)助。
 
　　補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為，種植一茬春豆類或麥豆輪作按照每畝不超過(guò)200元標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)助，同時(shí)享受農(nóng)業(yè)支持保護(hù)補(bǔ)貼；休耕一季種植二月蘭、油菜等綠肥品種還田按照每畝不超過(guò)600元標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)助。
 
　　2019年，天津市在2018年建立輪作休耕試點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大試點(diǎn)范圍，在武清區(qū)、寧河區(qū)、靜海區(qū)、西青區(qū)、東麗區(qū)、濱海新區(qū)等建立輪作或種植綠肥休耕試點(diǎn)。
 
　　《通知》基本原則，圍繞重點(diǎn)區(qū)域，推進(jìn)種植結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。把輪作休耕與種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整相結(jié)合，鼓勵(lì)糧食作物主產(chǎn)區(qū)大力開(kāi)展輪作休耕，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)輪作休耕和種植結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。
 
　　湖南省開(kāi)展休耕輪作，長(zhǎng)株潭為嚴(yán)格管控區(qū)
 
　　2018年12月，湖南省政府辦公廳出臺(tái)《關(guān)于創(chuàng)新體制機(jī)制推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的實(shí)施意見(jiàn)，長(zhǎng)沙市、株洲市、湘潭市被劃定為嚴(yán)格管控區(qū)的耕地將實(shí)現(xiàn)種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整全覆蓋，開(kāi)展輪作休耕，修復(fù)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能。
 
　　意見(jiàn)要求，到2020年，全省耕地保有量將不低于5956萬(wàn)畝，農(nóng)田灌溉水有效利用系數(shù)達(dá)到0.54以上，主要農(nóng)作物化肥、農(nóng)藥使用量實(shí)現(xiàn)零增長(zhǎng)，化肥、農(nóng)藥利用率達(dá)到40%；森林覆蓋率穩(wěn)定在59%以上，濕地面積(不含水稻田)不低于1530萬(wàn)畝；糧食產(chǎn)能進(jìn)一步鞏固，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全水平和品牌農(nóng)產(chǎn)品占比明顯提升，休閑農(nóng)業(yè)和鄉(xiāng)村旅游加快發(fā)展，農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展體制機(jī)制全面建立。
 
　　江蘇昆山市耕地輪作休耕已累計(jì)實(shí)施6.44萬(wàn)畝
 
　　昆山市是江蘇省耕地輪作休耕先行先試地區(qū)。早在2015年農(nóng)業(yè)部和江蘇省啟動(dòng)耕地輪作休耕試點(diǎn)前，我市就制定了冬春生態(tài)休耕方案，在新型合作農(nóng)場(chǎng)試點(diǎn)。2016年，昆山市被列入全省首批耕地輪作休耕制度試點(diǎn)縣，當(dāng)年實(shí)施耕地輪作休耕2.03萬(wàn)畝；截至2018年底，全市耕地輪作休耕累計(jì)實(shí)施6.44萬(wàn)畝，占小麥常年種植面積58.5%。去年11月12日，江蘇省耕地輪作休耕推進(jìn)會(huì)在昆召開(kāi)，昆山市耕地輪作休耕在政策設(shè)計(jì)、技術(shù)模式、監(jiān)督管理等方面取得的成績(jī)得到了省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳的高度肯定，要求將“昆山模式”向全省推廣。
 
　　據(jù)了解，根據(jù)各區(qū)鎮(zhèn)申報(bào)情況，今年昆山市將落實(shí)耕地輪作休耕4.4萬(wàn)畝，其中輪作換茬2.5萬(wàn)畝、深耕曬垡1.9萬(wàn)畝。農(nóng)業(yè)部門工作人員表示，在實(shí)施過(guò)程中，昆山市將通過(guò)實(shí)施財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼、制定休耕計(jì)劃等，實(shí)現(xiàn)耕地輪作休耕制度化、常態(tài)化，達(dá)到藏糧于地、發(fā)展綠色農(nóng)業(yè)的目的。
 
　　本文由中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，部分資料來(lái)源：天津市農(nóng)業(yè)委員會(huì)、昆山市委宣傳部、三湘都市報(bào)，如有侵權(quán)或異議請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。

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