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上海市出臺方案 多舉措“蟲口奪糧”保豐收

2021-03-30 16:42:38 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:30438 評論

導讀:防控要突出主要作物、重大病蟲,抓住重點區(qū)域、關(guān)鍵時節(jié),贏得糧食豐收主動權(quán)。重點做好草地貪夜蛾、水稻稻飛虱、稻縱卷葉螟、二化螟、大螟、稻瘟病、紋枯病、惡苗病、稻曲病、穗腐病、稻田雜草等病蟲草害的防控。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 為了有效控制糧食作物病蟲草危害,保障上海市糧食作物生產(chǎn)安全,最大限度降低病蟲草造成的危害損失,實現(xiàn)“蟲口奪糧”保豐收目標,近日,上海市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村委員會印發(fā)了《2021年上海市“蟲口奪糧”保豐收實施方案》,(以下簡稱《實施方案》)。
 
  《實施方案》指出,根據(jù)上海市主要病蟲近年發(fā)生持點,結(jié)合耕作制度、越冬蟲源基數(shù)、天氣趨勢預報等綜合分析,預計2021年本市草地貪夜蛾中等發(fā)生,發(fā)生面積1萬畝次;水稻病蟲害總體發(fā)生趨勢為偏重至大發(fā)生(4~5級),發(fā)生程度與2020年相當,發(fā)生總面積560萬畝次左右。其中,稻縱卷葉螟偏重至大發(fā)生,預計發(fā)生面積350萬畝次;稻飛虱偏重至大發(fā)生,發(fā)生面積650萬畝次,褐飛虱320萬畝次,白背飛虱130萬畝次,灰飛虱200萬畝次;紋枯病偏重發(fā)生,發(fā)生面積為125萬畝;稻瘟病中等至偏重發(fā)生,發(fā)生面積約30萬畝;惡苗病自然發(fā)生程度中等,發(fā)生面積100萬畝;穗期病害自然發(fā)生程度為中等至偏重;稻田草害偏重至大發(fā)生(4~5級),呈加重趨勢。
 
  防控要突出主要作物、重大病蟲,抓住重點區(qū)域、關(guān)鍵時節(jié),贏得糧食豐收主動權(quán)。重點做好草地貪夜蛾、水稻稻飛虱、稻縱卷葉螟、二化螟、大螟、稻瘟病、紋枯病、惡苗病、稻曲病、穗腐病、稻田雜草等病蟲草害的防控。草地貪夜蛾防控處置率100%,壓低過境蟲源基數(shù),減輕重點防范區(qū)域的防控壓力,確保蟲口密度達標區(qū)域應防盡防,發(fā)生區(qū)域不大面積連片成災。水稻“兩遷”害蟲防控處置率100%,病蟲害總體防治效果達到85%以上,病蟲害總體危害損失率控制在5%以內(nèi),病蟲害綠色防控技術(shù)覆蓋率達到40%以上,專業(yè)化防治覆蓋率43%以上。
 
  《實施方案》提出以下四項重點工作:
 
  (一)做實監(jiān)測和預報預警
 
  做好病蟲害的監(jiān)測預警是科學防控和有效防控的前提與基礎。按照農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部“早謀劃、早預警”的要求,優(yōu)化監(jiān)測措施,加強監(jiān)測力度。監(jiān)測常發(fā)性病蟲害要充分發(fā)揮全市9個區(qū)域站和37個監(jiān)測點的作用,通過定點監(jiān)測、系統(tǒng)調(diào)查和面上普查以及室內(nèi)飼養(yǎng)觀察等相結(jié)合的方式加強病蟲害的監(jiān)測和趨勢分析預警。對草地貪夜蛾等新發(fā)生病蟲害,在上年監(jiān)測網(wǎng)的基礎上,進一步豐富監(jiān)測手段,密織監(jiān)測網(wǎng)點。從3月中旬開始,將草地貪夜蛾性誘監(jiān)測布置到位,啟動高空測報燈和常規(guī)測報燈等監(jiān)測設施設備,開展全面監(jiān)控,并繼續(xù)執(zhí)行今年首發(fā)現(xiàn)當日報、發(fā)生區(qū)周報制度。
 
  (二)積極推進專業(yè)化防治服務
 
  將專業(yè)防治組織的培育和發(fā)展工作作為農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村工作中的重點工作之一,狠抓落實,積極推進,切實推進上海市農(nóng)作物病蟲害專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治服務,提升上海市植保社會化服務能力。一是加強對服務組織的規(guī)范和管理,為服務組織提供技術(shù)培訓、指導和相應服務。積極爭取政策支持和資金扶持,同時充分利用現(xiàn)有政策,整合現(xiàn)有資源,形成合力。二是挖掘典型,總結(jié)、提煉典型經(jīng)驗,完善上海市農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的專業(yè)化組織與服務模式。采取示范展示、觀摩培訓、媒體報道、創(chuàng)先評優(yōu)等多種方式,加大對典型服務模式的推廣和宣傳。三是培育專業(yè)化防治服務的消費及服務市場,提高對病蟲害專業(yè)化防治服務的認知度與關(guān)注度。讓參與農(nóng)民和服務企業(yè)體驗到病蟲害防治專業(yè)化防治服務的實效,充分調(diào)動各方參與的積極性,提高企業(yè)投入專業(yè)化服務的信心。
 
  (三)提升綠色防控覆蓋率和質(zhì)量
 
  加大綠色防控技術(shù)的推廣力度,穩(wěn)步提升綠色防控覆蓋率和質(zhì)量,助力全市化學農(nóng)藥的零增長。一是明確目標任務,細化分解指標,確保高質(zhì)量完成全市農(nóng)作物綠色防控技術(shù)應用的面積。二是加強技術(shù)指導,落實各項措施,實現(xiàn)化學農(nóng)藥施用次數(shù)和用量的減少。以農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部《農(nóng)作物病蟲害綠色防控評價指標與統(tǒng)計方法(試行)》及上海市《農(nóng)作物病蟲害綠色防控基本要求》等為標準,加強綠色防控評價和考核,切實提升綠色防控質(zhì)量和防控的效益。三是打造典型示范區(qū),選擇適合當?shù)氐募夹g(shù)方案進行核心示范,展示綠色防控技術(shù)和成果,擴大對周邊農(nóng)戶的影響力。
 
  (四)切實做好科學安全用藥指導和培訓
 
  根據(jù)病蟲害發(fā)生趨勢和特點,優(yōu)化病蟲害防控藥劑品種結(jié)構(gòu),加強科學安全用藥指導。按照農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部和全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務中心的部署和要求,開展安全用藥培訓和宣傳。圍繞農(nóng)藥使用減量目標、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全以及綠色食品認證要求,加強高效藥劑的引進、試驗篩選和示范。加強常用藥劑藥械的效果監(jiān)測和安全性評估,加大對高效低風險農(nóng)藥的推廣,提高施藥效率和農(nóng)藥利用率,繼續(xù)推進化學農(nóng)藥減量增效。逐級普查統(tǒng)計和抽樣定點調(diào)查相結(jié)合,做好全市農(nóng)藥使用情況的調(diào)查分析。
 
  本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(tmpdc.cn)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:上海市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村委員會,如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。
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