今日要聞

北方春季蔬菜生產(chǎn)管理技術指導意見

2024-03-15 09:44:28 來源：全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣服務中心 閱讀量：18550 評論

導讀：為提高生產(chǎn)技術水平，保障蔬菜穩(wěn)定供應，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司組織全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣服務中心、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部蔬菜專家指導組、國家大宗蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系，研究提出北方春季蔬菜生產(chǎn)管理技術指導意見。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】 當前，北方日光溫室越冬茬蔬菜處于收獲期，冬春茬果菜多數(shù)處于營養(yǎng)生長期，大棚春提早栽培蔬菜即將陸續(xù)開始定植，越冬的露地蔬菜逐漸恢復生長。為提高生產(chǎn)技術水平，保障蔬菜穩(wěn)定供應，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司組織全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣服務中心、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部蔬菜專家指導組、國家大宗蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系，研究提出北方春季蔬菜生產(chǎn)管理技術指導意見。
 
　　一、設施蔬菜
 
　　（一）溫度管理。越冬茬蔬菜溫室內(nèi)最低溫度保持在10℃以上，在出入口和前屋面近地面處懸掛薄膜、上通風口的下方懸掛緩沖膜等增強保溫。若遇強降溫極端天氣，可多層覆蓋保溫或使用增溫塊、電熱爐等臨時加溫。冬春茬果菜類蔬菜管理重點是促進生根壯秧和開花坐果，前期溫度白天保持26—30℃，夜間最低溫度保持13—15℃，長勢強的可適當降低夜溫，長勢弱的宜適當提高夜溫。
 
　　（二）光照管理。通過早揭晚蓋保溫被、配置植物補光燈、后墻掛反光膜等措施，增加光照強度和時長，促進光合作用。若遇連陰天或雨雪天氣，白天盡量揭開保溫被，使蔬菜接受散射光。久陰乍晴天氣，中午前后要適當進行回苫管理(放一半保溫被)，避免植株失水萎蔫。
 
　　（三）濕度管理。在保證溫度前提下增加通風時間和通風量，當濕度過大時，在保溫被揭開后先進行20分鐘左右的短時間頂部通風排濕，然后再根據(jù)蔬菜生長和室內(nèi)溫度情況進行通風管理。連續(xù)陰雨雪天氣，在中午溫度高時短時間通風10—20分鐘。
 
　　（四）水肥管理。水分管理宜采取地膜下澆小水，或膜下滴灌、微噴灌方式。越冬茬蔬菜早春施肥宜堅持少量多次原則，因地制宜增施生物菌肥、腐植酸肥、魚蛋白、甲殼素及海藻酸等利于養(yǎng)根的肥料，注意補充鈣硼肥。葉面噴施磷酸二氫鉀及氨基酸營養(yǎng)液，宜在早晚時段進行，避免晴天中午噴施，以防蒸發(fā)濃縮產(chǎn)生肥害。冬春茬果菜類蔬菜坐果前盡量少澆水，若土壤干旱可適當澆小水，并配合使用海藻酸、生物菌劑等肥料。坐果后逐漸加大水肥供應，追肥時注意補充磷肥、鈣肥、硼肥。
 
　　（五）植株管理。春季溫室蔬菜易出現(xiàn)根系早衰和生長點萎縮現(xiàn)象，要適當疏果，疏除小果、畸形果，及時采收成熟果，適時整枝落蔓，摘除老、病葉片。
 
　　（六）病蟲害防治。加強病蟲監(jiān)測，抓住關鍵防治期，落實色板誘殺、防蟲網(wǎng)等綠色防控措施。及時清除發(fā)病植株和殘枝敗葉，防止病害傳播?？茖W使用高效、低毒、低殘留農(nóng)藥，優(yōu)先采用廣譜性煙霧劑或微粉劑防治病害，通過煙霧機、彌粉機等設備施藥。嚴格執(zhí)行農(nóng)藥安全使用間隔期，做到輪換用藥。
 
　　二、露地蔬菜
 
　　（一）苗期管理。采用集約化育苗技術，培育早春定植的露地蔬菜壯苗。降低苗床溫度，加大晝夜溫差，果菜類蔬菜白天氣溫不超過25℃，夜間8—10℃，甘藍、花椰菜等喜冷涼蔬菜可進一步降低溫度至3—5℃。葉面噴施低溫保護劑或誘抗劑，增強幼苗在低溫天氣下的適應能力。定植前先完成煉苗，一般在出圃前7—10天，控制澆水，保持基質(zhì)水分含量在60%左右。
 
　　（二）田間管理。新定植蔬菜宜采用地膜覆蓋，定植后適當控水，提高土壤溫度，促進緩苗。定植后如遇倒春寒天氣，可使用無紡布、遮陽網(wǎng)、廢舊棚膜等輕型覆蓋材料進行覆蓋保溫。露地越冬蔬菜受冬季低溫影響生長遲緩的，早春返青后要澆好返青水，施好返青肥，促進根系生長。
 
　　（三）防災管理。對發(fā)生輕度凍害或低溫冷害的蔬菜，可葉面噴施氨基酸、磷酸二氫鉀等葉面肥，同時根部配合施用腐植酸、海藻酸等促根肥料，促進植株盡快恢復生長。生育后期，重點要加強水肥管理和植株調(diào)整，做好病蟲害防控。

上一篇： 農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部通報玉米收獲機質(zhì)量調(diào)查情況，約翰迪爾、凱斯紐荷蘭等都得了多少分？

下一篇：中央財政下達農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)防災救災資金8.3億元 支持各地積極助力春耕備耕

我要評論
文明上網(wǎng)，理性發(fā)言。（您還可以輸入200個字符)

所有評論僅代表網(wǎng)友意見，與本站立場無關。

產(chǎn)品推薦 更多

[{"ID":"3221597","Picture":"74a34d6b99a3c7321adc3fbe8e809ba974b04d23b3380e6cef01af8f2348fe905ef386e24480b9de.jpg","PictureDomain":"img57","Name":"供應精密氣體流量調(diào)校裝置","Type":"BAX-1B","Descrip":"儀器用于調(diào)校裝置可使用單瓶或雙瓶組合，也可按用戶要求提供大容積的氣瓶，例1.5L、2.0L等。按找要求用于地面調(diào)整儀器的氣樣一般有四種，即0.5%、1.5%、2.0%、3.0%；CH4，2.0%，CH4用于測試儀器反應速度，其余三種用于儀器的線性。規(guī)格參數(shù)：流量范圍：100-1000ml/min、充氣壓力：10MPa","CompanyName":"北京中慧天誠科技有限公司","CompanyID":"141777","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"1","City":"北京市","Address":"北京市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"2","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557602","StandUrl":"/st141777","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 2:42:20","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103221597","UserID":"154778","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"2000046","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"張偉","TelPhone":"010-89942167/89942170","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"靜摩擦系數(shù)測試儀，浮游生物培養(yǎng)器，數(shù)字測滑儀","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"66","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/12/22 2:42:20","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15652257065"},{"ID":"3039034","Picture":"mt0002/6fd5d5abffebbb9ead0a29bc4015914ddfd7c593f53ddf292bf996b934d50116f623317abc06d237.jpg","PictureDomain":"img78","Name":"煤安型隔爆電動閘閥多少錢","Type":"MZ941H-64C-150","Descrip":"煤安型礦井隔爆電動閘閥適用于現(xiàn)控、遠控、易爆場合、不易手動場合等截斷或接通管路中的介質(zhì)。具有流體阻力小，適用的壓力、溫度范圍大等特點，是一種常用的截斷閥。","CompanyName":"歐研自動化設備（上海）有限公司","CompanyID":"136409","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"394","City":"上海","Address":"上海","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"83","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557602","StandUrl":"/st136409","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 2:42:09","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103039034","UserID":"149399","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1866324","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"yanyan","TelPhone":"86-021-39910866","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"電動閘閥，電動球閥，電動蝶閥，電動截止閥，礦用電動閘閥，礦用電動蝶閥","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"9634","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/5/20 19:47:55","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13636367477"},{"ID":"2714695","Picture":"03ce10744122e9877626c453841bb58bc1cbdacd616987e6a68d7bc5c93c874783b0a34613d39276.jpg","PictureDomain":"img63","Name":"半自動解凍池","Type":"","Descrip":"諸城市光銳機械有限公司為食品廠家設計制造不同規(guī)格的不銹鋼解凍池浸泡桶發(fā)酵池腌制池","CompanyName":"諸城市光銳機械有限公司","CompanyID":"129201","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"153","City":"濰坊市","Address":"濰坊市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"127","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557599","StandUrl":"/st129201","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 2:39:34","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102714695","UserID":"142190","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1678677","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"田經(jīng)理","TelPhone":"0536-6091070","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"巴氏殺菌機，包裝袋清洗風干線，包裝袋烘干流水線，風淋室，果蔬清洗機，殺菌盤，漂燙預煮殺青蒸煮流水線，全自動洗筐機，油炸鍋油炸流水線，解凍清洗蒸煮鹵制流水線，泡菜生產(chǎn)線，拌料機，夾層鍋吊筐、殺菌釜配件殺菌盤殺菌筐等食品機械設備。","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"28267","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2015/3/5 15:37:17","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"18366365511"},{"ID":"3221594","Picture":"74a34d6b99a3c7321adc3fbe8e809ba974b04d23b3380e6c04f935e749f87ae32dbdbdc788908b4a.jpg","PictureDomain":"img42","Name":"四聯(lián)萃取器供應商","Type":"","Descrip":"萃取裝置是將固定體積的水樣和CCl?由射流瓶口倒入儲樣瓶中，打開真空泵將CCl?和水樣通過射流瓶尾部細孔，吸到射流瓶中。由于CCl?比水重，沉積在底部，細孔管將CCl?從儲樣瓶吸到射流瓶的底部，當水樣吸到射流瓶時，水樣已經(jīng)經(jīng)過CCl?，得到部分萃取。然后，將真空泵轉(zhuǎn)換成加壓，將CCl?和水樣加壓通過細孔射流撞底部出口閥玻璃壁，使CCl?與水樣的接觸，增加了CCl?與水樣的接觸面積，達到萃取的目的。","CompanyName":"北京中慧天誠科技有限公司","CompanyID":"141778","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"1","City":"北京市","Address":"北京市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"2","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557596","StandUrl":"/st141778","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 2:36:18","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103221594","UserID":"154779","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"2000063","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"張先生","TelPhone":"010-89942170/89942167","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"空氣臭氧發(fā)生器;擴散氫測定儀;瓦斯蒸氣粉塵和懸浮物;汽車尾氣分析儀;煙道氣綜合分析儀;石油產(chǎn)品采樣器;食品檢測儀;固定式可燃氣體探測器;手持式辛烷值儀;快速水份測定儀;二氧化氯發(fā)生器;身高體重測量儀","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"0","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/12/22 2:36:18","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15652257065"},{"ID":"2965810","Picture":"mt0001/d69c016c8587526c3f6e6ef6083b1d3c3c0699e78a197780aa84f11cc1abb523b20d8ce1bae6cb24.jpg","PictureDomain":"img67","Name":"大行程復合式影像測量儀多少錢","Type":"CHECKMASTER系列","Descrip":"CHECKMASTER系列全自動大行程復合式影像測量儀適用于以二維坐標測量爲目的的一切應用領域，廣泛應用于LCD、LED顯示屏、觸摸屏、手機平板、大型玻璃制品、汽車配件、大型PCB、菲林膠片、電視機、五金、模具、儀表、塑膠、精密電子、精密機械等等制造業(yè)。","CompanyName":"蘇州市量豐精密儀器設備有限公司","CompanyID":"135831","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"90","City":"蘇州市","Address":"蘇州市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"66","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557596","StandUrl":"/st135831","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 2:36:44","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102965810","UserID":"148821","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1844015","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"李紀亮","TelPhone":"86-0512-66505181","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"輪廓投影儀，影像測量儀，測高儀，金相顯微鏡，工具顯微鏡，閃測儀，二次元測量儀","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"10772","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/4/1 3:02:41","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15895577379"},{"ID":"3092411","Picture":"mt0001/a3b55b05288099f9505a1005cc246dd9f700507ab4e5fa3c95217b8184e25de37bf3831e88279dd1.jpg","PictureDomain":"img48","Name":"銷售工作站多少錢","Type":"","Descrip":"色譜數(shù)據(jù)N2000工作站歷經(jīng)多年的開發(fā)和十多年的推廣，已成為國產(chǎn)中市場占有量很大、產(chǎn)品性價比較高的一款色譜工作站，因其界面簡潔清晰、簡單實用，性能*以及*的性價比等特點而深受廣大用戶青睞。","CompanyName":"上海納析儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"139448","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"81","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557595","StandUrl":"/st139448","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 2:35:27","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103092411","UserID":"152438","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1906580","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"王經(jīng)理","TelPhone":"400-9268-001","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"氣相色譜儀，色譜數(shù)據(jù)工作站、液相色譜儀，色譜柱，色譜配件，色譜耗材，氮氣發(fā)生器，氫氣發(fā)生器，空氣發(fā)生器","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"7810","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/7/20 12:22:57","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15921705880"}]