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2024年南方秋冬季馬鈴薯科學(xué)施肥指導(dǎo)意見

2024-10-11 08:36:59 來源：全國(guó)農(nóng)技推廣中心 閱讀量：13466 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：依據(jù)測(cè)土結(jié)果和目標(biāo)產(chǎn)量，參照《全國(guó)馬鈴薯產(chǎn)區(qū)氮肥定額用量(試行)》，合理調(diào)控氮、磷、鉀肥用量，依據(jù)土壤肥力條件優(yōu)化氮磷鉀化肥用量。

　　施肥原則
 
　　針對(duì)南方秋冬季馬鈴薯種植過程中有機(jī)肥和鉀肥施用不足等問題，提出以下施肥原則：
 
　　1、依據(jù)測(cè)土結(jié)果和目標(biāo)產(chǎn)量，參照《全國(guó)馬鈴薯產(chǎn)區(qū)氮肥定額用量(試行)》，合理調(diào)控氮、磷、鉀肥用量，依據(jù)土壤肥力條件優(yōu)化氮磷鉀化肥用量。
 
　　2、有機(jī)無機(jī)配施，增施有機(jī)肥，提倡秸稈覆蓋；忌用沒有充分腐熟的有機(jī)肥料。
 
　　3、適當(dāng)增施鉀肥。
 
　　4、基肥、追肥結(jié)合，追肥以氮鉀肥為主。
 
　　5、肥料施用應(yīng)與綠色增產(chǎn)增效栽培技術(shù)相結(jié)合。
 
　　施肥建議
 
　　1、產(chǎn)量水平3000公斤/畝以上，氮肥(N)11—14公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)10—12公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)12—15公斤/畝。
 
　　2、產(chǎn)量水平2000—3000公斤/畝，氮肥(N)9—11公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)7—9公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)10—12公斤/畝。
 
　　3、產(chǎn)量水平1500—2000公斤/畝，氮肥(N)7—9公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)5—7公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)7—10公斤/畝。
 
　　4、產(chǎn)量水平1500公斤/畝以下，氮肥(N)6—7公斤/畝，磷肥(P2O5)3—5公斤/畝，鉀肥(K2O)5—7公斤/畝。
 
　　5、推薦13—15—17(N—P2O5—K2O)或相近配方作基肥，尿素與硫酸鉀(或氮鉀復(fù)合肥)作追肥；也可選擇15—5—20或相近配方做追肥；施用配方肥(基肥)用量40—50公斤/畝。
 
　　6、每畝施用2—3方腐熟農(nóng)家肥作基肥，或每畝施用有機(jī)肥200—400公斤；若基肥施用有機(jī)肥，可酌情減少化肥用量15—20%；氮鉀肥40%—50%作基肥，50%—60%作追肥，磷肥全部作為基肥，對(duì)于土壤質(zhì)地偏砂的田塊，鉀肥應(yīng)分次施用；對(duì)于硼或鋅缺乏的土壤，可基施硼砂1公斤/畝或硫酸鋅1—2公斤/畝；酸性土壤或有效鈣、鎂缺乏的土壤，適當(dāng)增加鈣鎂投入。
 
　　7、冬季低溫天氣，可適當(dāng)增施有機(jī)肥及磷肥。
 
　　來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司、全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部科學(xué)施肥專家指導(dǎo)組

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