2025年大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植病蟲(chóng)害防控技術(shù)方案

2025-03-03 10:26:15 來(lái)源：全國(guó)農(nóng)技推廣中心 閱讀量：6102 評(píng)論

　　大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植區(qū)植株緊密、病蟲(chóng)害種類(lèi)多樣，甜菜夜蛾、斜紋夜蛾、點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽、莖腐病、根腐病、葉斑病等病蟲(chóng)害在局部地區(qū)有加重發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，為做好2025年復(fù)合種植病蟲(chóng)害防治工作，全國(guó)農(nóng)技中心特制定本方案。
 
　　防治策略
 
　　堅(jiān)持預(yù)防為主、綜合防治方針，以大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植模式下主要病蟲(chóng)害協(xié)同防治為重點(diǎn)，綜合應(yīng)用健康栽培、理化誘控、生物防治和科學(xué)用藥等技術(shù)措施，抓住病蟲(chóng)發(fā)生窗口期實(shí)施綜合防治，合理利用高效植保器械，切實(shí)提高防治效果，保障生產(chǎn)和質(zhì)量安全。
 
　　防治對(duì)象
 
　　（一）西南間（套）作種植模式區(qū)
 
　　玉米：穗腐病、白斑病、紋枯病、大斑病、灰斑病、南方銹病，草地貪夜蛾、玉米螟、桃蛀螟、粘蟲(chóng)、棉鈴蟲(chóng)、蚜蟲(chóng)等。大豆：根腐病、銹病、病毒病、炭疽病，斜紋夜蛾、豆莢螟、豆稈黑潛蠅、甜菜夜蛾、高隆象、稻綠蝽、地下害蟲(chóng)等。
 
　　（二）西北間作模式區(qū)
 
　　玉米：銹病、莖腐病、大斑病，玉米螟、蚜蟲(chóng)、葉螨、棉鈴蟲(chóng)、地下害蟲(chóng)、雙斑長(zhǎng)跗螢葉甲等。大豆：根腐病、霜霉病、灰斑病，大豆食心蟲(chóng)、大豆蚜蟲(chóng)、豆莢螟、紅蜘蛛、棉鈴蟲(chóng)、葉甲、地下害蟲(chóng)等。
 
　　（三）黃淮海和長(zhǎng)江中下游間作模式區(qū)
 
　　玉米：南方銹病、穗腐病、褐斑病、彎孢葉斑病、小斑病、莖腐病，玉米螟、棉鈴蟲(chóng)、粘蟲(chóng)、桃蛀螟、蚜蟲(chóng)、薊馬等。大豆：根腐病、病毒病、炭疽病、擬莖點(diǎn)種腐(莖枯)病，甜菜夜蛾、棉鈴蟲(chóng)、斜紋夜蛾、點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽、煙粉虱、豆莢螟、大豆食心蟲(chóng)、地下害蟲(chóng)等。
 
　　防控措施
 
　　（一）播種期。選用抗(耐)病蟲(chóng)品種，合理密植。玉米選擇耐密緊湊型，種子處理以防治蚜蟲(chóng)、薊馬、玉米莖腐病、絲黑穗為主；大豆選擇耐陰性品種，種子處理以防治大豆根腐病、擬莖點(diǎn)種腐病、地下害蟲(chóng)、葉甲為主。選擇含有精甲·咯菌腈、噻呋酰胺、吡唑醚菌酯、噻蟲(chóng)嗪、吡蟲(chóng)啉等成分的種衣劑。不同區(qū)域根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)刂饕∠x(chóng)種類(lèi)選擇相應(yīng)的藥劑。
 
　　（二）苗期—玉米喇叭口期（大豆分枝期）。一是理化誘控措施，使用殺蟲(chóng)燈、性誘劑、食誘劑、色板誘殺成蟲(chóng)。二是生物防治措施，選用蘇云金桿菌、球孢白僵菌、核型多角體病毒、金龜子綠僵菌、短穩(wěn)桿菌等防治低齡幼蟲(chóng)。三是化學(xué)防治措施，選用四氯蟲(chóng)酰胺、甲氨基阿維菌素苯甲酸鹽、乙基多殺菌素、噻蟲(chóng)嗪等防治草地貪夜蛾、玉米螟、棉鈴蟲(chóng)、蚜蟲(chóng)、煙粉虱等害蟲(chóng)；選用阿維菌素、唑螨酯等防治葉螨；選用吡唑醚菌酯、戊唑醇、寧南霉素等防治玉米、大豆地上部病害，可結(jié)合使用植物誘抗劑增強(qiáng)植株抗逆性。
 
　　（三）花期（玉米抽雄期）—成熟期。在前期防治的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)玉米大斑病、小斑病、南方銹病、褐斑病、穗腐病、鉆蛀性害蟲(chóng)，大豆銹病、葉斑病、豆莢螟、大豆食心蟲(chóng)、甜菜夜蛾等發(fā)生情況，針對(duì)性選用枯草芽孢桿菌、井岡霉素、吡唑·氟環(huán)唑、苯甲·嘧菌酯、丙環(huán)·嘧菌酯等殺菌劑和氯蟲(chóng)苯甲酰胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、噻蟲(chóng)嗪等殺蟲(chóng)劑，合理混配噴施防治。防治蝸牛、蛞蝓類(lèi)害蟲(chóng)可撒施聚醛·甲萘威顆粒劑。防治點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽可用聚集信息素誘捕或噴施噻蟲(chóng)嗪等藥劑。
 
　　注意事項(xiàng)
 
　　(一)大豆帶蔭蔽較重地塊，應(yīng)采用植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑控旺，可選用烯效唑、多效唑等在大豆分枝期噴施一次，嚴(yán)重地塊花期可加噴一次。
 
　　(二)采用植保無(wú)人飛機(jī)施藥時(shí)要注意添加沉降劑等助劑，畝施藥液量1.5升以上。在防治害蟲(chóng)時(shí)，要抓住低齡幼蟲(chóng)防控最佳時(shí)期，以保苗、保芯、保產(chǎn)為目標(biāo)開(kāi)展統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治。收獲后及時(shí)進(jìn)行秸稈粉碎或者打包處理，以減少田間病殘?bào)w和蟲(chóng)源數(shù)量。

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