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未來，“勞動力缺乏”對農(nóng)業(yè)的影響大嗎？

2018-06-08 08:56:07 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：30234 評論

導讀：無人駕駛汽車、無人機已經(jīng)逐漸進入公眾視野，對公眾來說已不是什么新鮮事。下一個步入“無人”領(lǐng)域的很可能就是農(nóng)業(yè)機械，專家表示，“無人農(nóng)機”將為農(nóng)業(yè)帶來不可估量的變化，未來世界農(nóng)業(yè)的大趨勢一定是無人農(nóng)機。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 市場行情】無人駕駛汽車、無人機已經(jīng)逐漸進入公眾視野，對公眾來說已不是什么新鮮事。下一個步入“無人”領(lǐng)域的很可能就是農(nóng)業(yè)機械，專家表示，“無人農(nóng)機”將為農(nóng)業(yè)帶來不可估量的變化，未來世界農(nóng)業(yè)的大趨勢一定是無人農(nóng)機。
 
　　日本老齡化加劇催生無人農(nóng)機
 
　　隨著日本老齡化加劇和農(nóng)業(yè)人口減少，日本農(nóng)機企業(yè)積極研發(fā)和推出可自動駕駛的無人農(nóng)機，日本政府有關(guān)機構(gòu)也積極推廣無人農(nóng)機。據(jù)日媒報道，久保田公司在日本推出了售價約100萬日元(約合5.85萬元人民幣)的無人駕駛耕作農(nóng)機“SL60A”，它帶有衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)和久保田公司自己研發(fā)的自動操作系統(tǒng)，以及傳感器、相機等多種裝置，以保證自動操作時的安全。除此之外，日本的洋馬農(nóng)機公司和井關(guān)農(nóng)機公司也計劃在今年推出無人駕駛農(nóng)機。
 
　　據(jù)悉，日本政府非常重視無人駕駛農(nóng)機在農(nóng)業(yè)中的作用，積極制定相關(guān)政策加以推廣普及，以在人口老齡化背景下維持和提高農(nóng)業(yè)耕作效率。日本農(nóng)林水產(chǎn)省還制定了有關(guān)無人駕駛農(nóng)機的安全性指導方針。
 
　　中國全過程無人農(nóng)機實驗啟動
 
　　加快無人農(nóng)機研發(fā)的不止日本，我國也于近日啟動了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)全過程無人農(nóng)機作業(yè)實驗。6月2日，由我國工信部、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部等多部門指導，我國車載信息服務產(chǎn)業(yè)應用聯(lián)盟和江蘇省興化市主辦的中國首輪農(nóng)業(yè)全過程無人作業(yè)試驗在興化啟動。本次無人作業(yè)試驗，融合了眾多科技，包括北斗導航系統(tǒng)、智能方向系統(tǒng)、智能動力系統(tǒng)等智能汽車、車聯(lián)網(wǎng)和無人戰(zhàn)術(shù)平臺等領(lǐng)域的先進技術(shù)。
 
　　多家科研院所和企業(yè)組成的智能化農(nóng)機團隊參與了當天的試驗啟動儀式，并演示了旱耕機、打漿整平機、插秧機、施藥施肥機以及收割機的無人作業(yè)。工信部副巡視員王建宇在現(xiàn)場說，隨著融合傳感、精密導航、人工智能、云計算、大數(shù)據(jù)等技術(shù)的普及，傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)作業(yè)領(lǐng)域的數(shù)字化、自動化、網(wǎng)聯(lián)化正在加速推進。他說，美國、以色列等農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)先進國家已經(jīng)應用了自動駕駛、智能滴灌、變量施藥等智能化新技術(shù)，我國雖然多年保持糧食產(chǎn)量世界，但也面臨著勞動人口老齡化、生產(chǎn)效率低、污染排放率高、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品附加值低等問題。推動先進電子信息技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)機技術(shù)融合，加快中國農(nóng)機裝備的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和轉(zhuǎn)型升級勢在必行。
 
　　據(jù)了解，我國計劃分級、分期、分步建立無人農(nóng)場，以智能化促進農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)提質(zhì)、增效、降本。
 
　　雷沃與百度強強聯(lián)合，進軍無人農(nóng)機領(lǐng)域
 
　　今年4月10日，雷沃重工與百度簽署戰(zhàn)略合作協(xié)議，雙方將以實現(xiàn)自動駕駛量產(chǎn)為目標，就農(nóng)機智慧化展開合作，用AI賦能農(nóng)機制造，共同解決自動駕駛領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)難題，攜手開拓新領(lǐng)域，共同開啟人工智能在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域運用的新場景，推進智慧農(nóng)業(yè)的升級發(fā)展。
 
　　隨著農(nóng)機智能化浪潮的到來,農(nóng)機產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展已進入實質(zhì)性突破階段，雷沃重工作為國內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)裝備，在農(nóng)機裝備的智能化、綠色化、、舒適方面都探索出了很多科研成果，代表了中國農(nóng)機裝備的前沿水平。隨著智能化車載系統(tǒng)的逐步完善，以及百度的加入，雷沃重工智能無人駕駛農(nóng)機的研發(fā)及批量生產(chǎn)的進程將有望加快，這也為以后的農(nóng)機市場提供了信號，未來，播種、收割等環(huán)節(jié)將逐漸實現(xiàn)無人駕駛，大大提升農(nóng)業(yè)耕作效率，解放大量勞動力。
 
　　結(jié)語
 
　　無人農(nóng)機與普通農(nóng)機相比有不可比擬的優(yōu)勢，也大大削減了”勞動力缺乏”這一現(xiàn)狀對農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的不利影響。無人駕駛農(nóng)機可用于翻地、耙地、旋耕、起壟、播種、噴藥、收割等作業(yè)領(lǐng)域。無人農(nóng)機技術(shù)的研發(fā)與推廣，勢必會為農(nóng)民生活、農(nóng)機產(chǎn)業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展帶來翻天覆地的變化。在農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力缺乏、對農(nóng)機作業(yè)效率要求越來越高的今天，無人駕駛農(nóng)業(yè)機械無疑具有良好的優(yōu)越性和巨大的市場潛力。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：新華網(wǎng)、農(nóng)機化導報，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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