今日要聞

保護(hù)黑土地，國家再出臺(tái)重磅文件，這幾種農(nóng)機(jī)迎來利好！

2021-08-05 17:18:39 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量：53685 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：我國一直實(shí)施嚴(yán)格的耕地保護(hù)制度，做到“像保護(hù)大熊貓一樣保護(hù)耕地”，而黑土地就是“耕地中的大熊貓”。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 政策導(dǎo)讀】 眾所周知，黑土地是地球上珍貴的土壤資源，是一種性狀好、肥力高、適宜農(nóng)耕的優(yōu)質(zhì)土地。自然黑土是千萬年前在砂礫和黏土層上發(fā)育的土壤，在雨熱同季的氣候下，形成了茂密的植被層，經(jīng)過幾千年的時(shí)間演變，才變成了深厚肥沃的黑土層。北半球擁有三塊著名的黑土地：一塊在美洲——美國的密西西比河流域；一塊在歐洲——烏克蘭的第聶伯河流域；一塊在亞洲——中國的東北平原。
 
　　基于肥沃的黑土地，東北產(chǎn)糧區(qū)的年糧食產(chǎn)量占全國1/4，商品量占全國的1/4，調(diào)出量占全國的1/3，是不折不扣的“壓艙石”、“穩(wěn)壓器”。然而，這一珍貴的土壤資源卻正在面臨著退化甚至消失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。自20世紀(jì)開墾以來，東北地區(qū)的黑土層平均厚度由50厘米至60厘米下降到30厘米左右，土壤耕層的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量下降了50%至60%，年均下降速率約為5‰。
 
　　我國一直實(shí)施嚴(yán)格的耕地保護(hù)制度，做到“像保護(hù)大熊貓一樣保護(hù)耕地”，而黑土地就是“耕地中的大熊貓”。
 
　　雖然近些年來一系列保護(hù)、治理措施初見成效，但是黑土耕地退化趨勢尚未得到有效遏制。已經(jīng)實(shí)施綜合性治理措施的黑土耕地面積占比較低，坡耕地水土流失仍較重，耕作層變薄和侵蝕溝問題仍然突出，土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量下降趨勢仍未扭轉(zhuǎn)，局部酸化、鹽漬化問題仍然存在。要長久保護(hù)黑土地，還需要多措并舉，持續(xù)推進(jìn)，久久為功。
 
　　多年來，國家出臺(tái)多項(xiàng)制度保護(hù)黑土地。2017 年，原農(nóng)業(yè)部、發(fā)展改革委等 6 部門印發(fā)了《東北黑土地保護(hù)規(guī)劃綱要(2017—2030 年)》，明確到2030 年在東北典型黑土區(qū)實(shí)施 2.5 億畝黑土耕地保護(hù)任務(wù)。2020 年，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部和財(cái)政部印發(fā)《東北黑土地保護(hù)性耕作行動(dòng)計(jì)劃(2020—2025 年)》，明確到 2025年在東北地區(qū)適宜區(qū)域?qū)嵤┮悦飧俑斩捀采w還田為主要內(nèi)容的保護(hù)性耕作 1.4 億畝。
 
　　在此基礎(chǔ)上，今年6月，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、國家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)、財(cái)政部、水利部、科學(xué)技術(shù)部、中國科學(xué)院、國家林業(yè)和草原局等7部門又印發(fā)了《國家黑土地保護(hù)工程實(shí)施方案 (2021—2025年)》(以下簡稱《方案》)，針對(duì)黑土耕地出現(xiàn)的“薄、瘦、硬”問題，著重實(shí)施土壤侵蝕治理，農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，肥沃耕作層培育等措施。
 
　　《方案》明確，2021—2025 年，實(shí)施黑土耕地保護(hù)利用面積 1 億畝(含標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化示范面積 1800 萬畝)。其中，建設(shè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田 5000 萬畝、治理侵蝕溝 7000 條，實(shí)施免耕少耕秸稈覆蓋還田、秸稈綜合利用碎混翻壓還田等保護(hù)性耕作5 億畝次(1 億畝耕地每年全覆蓋重疊 1 次)、有機(jī)肥深翻還田 1 億畝。到“十四五”末，黑土地保護(hù)區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量明顯提升，旱地耕作層達(dá)到 30 厘米、水田耕作層達(dá)到 20—25 厘米，土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量平均提高 10%以上，有效遏制黑土耕地“變薄、變瘦、變硬”退化趨勢，防治水土流失，基本構(gòu)建形成持續(xù)推進(jìn)黑土地保護(hù)利用的長效機(jī)制。
 
　　《方案》指出，實(shí)施保護(hù)性耕作。優(yōu)化耕作制度，推廣應(yīng)用少耕免耕秸稈覆蓋還田、秸稈碎混翻壓還田等不同方式的保護(hù)性耕作。在適宜地區(qū)重點(diǎn)推廣免耕和少耕秸稈覆蓋還田技術(shù)類型的“梨樹模式”，增加秸稈覆蓋還田比例。其余地區(qū)，改春整地為秋整地，旱地采取在秋季收獲后實(shí)施秸稈機(jī)械粉碎翻壓或碎混還田。
 

 

　　實(shí)施有機(jī)肥還田。秋季根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)赝寥阑A(chǔ)條件和降雨量特點(diǎn)，推行深松(深耕)整地，以漸進(jìn)打破犁底層為原則，疏松深層土壤。利用大中型動(dòng)力機(jī)械，結(jié)合秸稈粉碎還田、有機(jī)肥拋撒，開展深翻整地。在糞肥豐富的地區(qū)建設(shè)糞污貯存發(fā)酵堆漚設(shè)施，以畜禽糞便為主要原料堆漚有機(jī)肥并施用。
 
　　結(jié)語：可以看出，免耕播種、深松整地、秸稈粉碎還田、有機(jī)肥拋撒、畜禽糞污處理處理等相關(guān)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備是黑土地保護(hù)中的主要機(jī)械，這幾類農(nóng)機(jī)將迎來重要發(fā)展機(jī)遇。

上一篇： 國家發(fā)展改革委農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部聯(lián)合印發(fā)規(guī)劃 部署“十四五”現(xiàn)代種業(yè)提升工程建設(shè)工作

下一篇：2021年動(dòng)力機(jī)械試驗(yàn)鑒定和推廣技術(shù)研討會(huì)在樂山召開

我要評(píng)論
文明上網(wǎng)，理性發(fā)言。（您還可以輸入200個(gè)字符)

所有評(píng)論僅代表網(wǎng)友意見，與本站立場無關(guān)。

產(chǎn)品推薦 更多

[{"ID":"3222063","Picture":"74a34d6b99a3c7321adc3fbe8e809ba974b04d23b3380e6caa0234516d68d1fdf959a7aaec09014a.jpg","PictureDomain":"img52","Name":"供應(yīng)薄膜過濾器廠家","Type":"SY-BLG","Descrip":"微孔薄膜過濾儀是按照《利用薄膜過濾器測定注入水質(zhì)方法》和GB11901的要求。樣品容量：3500ml入口壓力：≤8kg/m工作壓力：1.4kg/m2工作壓力：2.5kg/m2工作壓力：1.4kg/m2使用氣源：氮?dú)?,"CompanyName":"北京中慧天誠科技有限公司","CompanyID":"141777","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"1","City":"北京市","Address":"北京市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"2","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558967","StandUrl":"/st141777","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 1:27:11","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103222063","UserID":"154778","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"2000068","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"張偉","TelPhone":"010-89942167/89942170","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"靜摩擦系數(shù)測試儀，浮游生物培養(yǎng)器，數(shù)字測滑儀","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"108","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/12/23 1:27:11","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會(huì)員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15652257065"},{"ID":"3014960","Picture":"mt0002/2d30da6cfd71fe74a822025549d8398460b51075e80cd26b9d79b80cc2e9c4cbcf699f7140146f25.jpg","PictureDomain":"img66","Name":"Q941F-16C-DN80電動(dòng)法蘭球閥供應(yīng)商","Type":"Q941F-16C-DN80","Descrip":"CT4防爆型電動(dòng)法蘭球閥即可控制運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，以角行程輸出的扭矩轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)球體0~90°，就能完成啟閉動(dòng)作或調(diào)節(jié)動(dòng)作。","CompanyName":"歐研自動(dòng)化設(shè)備（上海）有限公司","CompanyID":"136409","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"394","City":"上海","Address":"上海","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"94","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558966","StandUrl":"/st136409","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 1:26:40","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103014960","UserID":"149399","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1859055","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"yanyan","TelPhone":"86-021-39910866","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"電動(dòng)閘閥，電動(dòng)球閥，電動(dòng)蝶閥，電動(dòng)截止閥，礦用電動(dòng)閘閥，礦用電動(dòng)蝶閥","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"9675","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/5/10 16:10:51","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會(huì)員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13636367477"},{"ID":"2943357","Picture":"dabac5fac07fb39ac4938aaa3a560330d4a47b5127f3a348e9e022dab14f8d74d0d59392a6e17a9c.jpg","PictureDomain":"img61","Name":"國產(chǎn)交直流電壓表廠家","Type":"","Descrip":"T51交直流電壓表系交直流表、電壓表和功率表（以下簡稱儀表），系供直流及交流45-65Hz電路中測量電流電壓和功率用參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：JJG598-1989,JJG124-2005信表按使用條件屬于Ｐ級(jí)檢測結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確、真實(shí)、可靠適用于周圍環(huán)境溫度23±10℃，濕度為25%-80%條件下工作。","CompanyName":"上海端懿電氣科技有限公司","CompanyID":"129234","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"106","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558965","StandUrl":"/st129234","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 1:25:02","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102943357","UserID":"142223","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1680326","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"高先生","TelPhone":"400-823-1798","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"高壓測試儀器儀表;電子產(chǎn)品;絕緣橡膠制品;高壓驗(yàn)電器;三相短路接地線;絕緣手套;絕緣靴;高壓拉閘桿;電線電纜;橋架滑線等.","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"28878","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/3/23 3:44:11","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會(huì)員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13918237518"},{"ID":"2702800","Picture":"15503715273aa74dcf2f0a0a0e070877616dc5136c34369925e3ec73d65d3b1a40f79be72e57ab56.jpg","PictureDomain":"img73","Name":"水質(zhì)監(jiān)測船舶壓載水檢測價(jià)格","Type":"海水檢測","Descrip":"中科檢測是國科控股旗下的第三方檢測機(jī)構(gòu)，擁有多家分公司和專業(yè)的技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)，開展船舶壓載水檢測，檢測的主要目的是為了預(yù)防海洋生物入侵可能導(dǎo)致的海洋生態(tài)失衡、本地生物遺傳污染、病害流行、赤潮爆發(fā)等生態(tài)災(zāi)害。","CompanyName":"中科檢測技術(shù)服務(wù)（廣州）股份有限公司","CompanyID":"128843","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"213","City":"廣州市","Address":"廣州市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"245","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558963","StandUrl":"/st128843","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 1:23:10","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"0","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102702800","UserID":"141832","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1668460","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"孫工","TelPhone":"","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"危廢檢測與鑒定，環(huán)境檢測，揮發(fā)性有機(jī)綜合治理與排查、危險(xiǎn)廢物鑒別與評(píng)估管理、固體廢物綜合利用評(píng)價(jià)、土壤環(huán)境調(diào)查、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估、污染修復(fù)方案與效果評(píng)估、清潔生產(chǎn)審核驗(yàn)收、突發(fā)環(huán)境事件風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估、碳排放測算與評(píng)價(jià)、建設(shè)項(xiàng)目環(huán)境保護(hù)竣工驗(yàn)收、突發(fā)環(huán)境事件應(yīng)急預(yù)案、土壤檢測、土壤氡檢測、土壤檢測機(jī)構(gòu)、環(huán)評(píng)土壤檢測、場地調(diào)查評(píng)估、土壤污染調(diào)查、環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估、污染場地調(diào)查、場地環(huán)境調(diào)查機(jī)構(gòu)、消毒產(chǎn)品檢測、消毒劑檢測、 潔凈度檢測、 凈化車間檢測、涉水產(chǎn)品檢測、涉水產(chǎn)品衛(wèi)生許可證、塑膠跑道檢測、鹽霧試驗(yàn)、老化試驗(yàn)、涂料檢測、農(nóng)殘檢測、質(zhì)量鑒定中心、質(zhì)量司法鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)、質(zhì)量鑒定中心、食品級(jí)檢測","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"34341","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2015/8/7 0:31:49","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會(huì)員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13926209354"},{"ID":"2925699","Picture":"74a34d6b99a3c732141f2524802f0ce5518feb669b5f61b757f6219b274f246089a03eb47275c281.jpg","PictureDomain":"img51","Name":"破碎機(jī)哪家好","Type":"CSJ","Descrip":"大型破碎機(jī)適用于：制藥、化工、冶金、食品、建筑等行業(yè)。對(duì)堅(jiān)硬、中藥材、難粉碎的物料進(jìn)行加工，包括對(duì)塑料，鋼絲等進(jìn)行粉碎，復(fù)合巖片粉碎機(jī)也能作為微粉碎加工前道工序的配套設(shè)備，噪音低，皮帶輪設(shè)有保護(hù)罩，安全可靠，設(shè)有清洗保險(xiǎn)掣， 馬達(dá)裝上過荷保護(hù)裝置與電源連鎖保護(hù)系統(tǒng)。","CompanyName":"江陰市祥達(dá)機(jī)械制造有限公司","CompanyID":"135336","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"87","City":"無錫市","Address":"無錫市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"108","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558962","StandUrl":"/st135336","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 1:22:41","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102925699","UserID":"148326","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1832549","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"張永芳","TelPhone":"400-6680510 86-0510-86383852","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"粉碎機(jī)、混合機(jī)、干燥設(shè)備、制粒 篩粉設(shè)備等各種藥化設(shè)備","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"13264","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/3/11 13:35:42","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會(huì)員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13915230659,13921238921"},{"ID":"2944766","Picture":"mt0008/0a315bd432c3de756be1f23b9bfbc872246cb9c20fb5050691362b5b4704e454.jpg","PictureDomain":"img46","Name":"不銹鋼氣態(tài)氨電磁閥公司","Type":"","Descrip":"不銹鋼電磁閥報(bào)價(jià)（Ammonia with the electromagnetic valve）是一種交流電力操縱的自動(dòng)閥門，它適用于氨或氟里昂為介質(zhì)帶制冷裝置的自動(dòng)控制中，直接控制介質(zhì)在管路中的流通。閥體采用精密鑄造成型工藝、外形精細(xì)美觀，所有部件采用數(shù)控機(jī)床加工，確保電磁閥的精度與可靠性，不同的使用介質(zhì)，采用不同的密封材料，更加提高電磁閥可靠性。","CompanyName":"上海永龍閥門廠","CompanyID":"135255","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"95","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51558962","StandUrl":"/st135255","UpdateTime":"2024/12/23 1:22:14","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102944766","UserID":"148245","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1830433","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"石先生","TelPhone":"86-021-57566219","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"氣動(dòng)緊急切斷閥.液動(dòng)緊急切斷閥.液氨緊急切斷閥.電液閥.液氨截止閥.阻火器.阻火透氣帽.手搖油泵","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"13079","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/3/23 14:17:42","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會(huì)員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15900658318"}]