【今日大寒】歲末大寒至 萬(wàn)物待春歸

2025-01-20 14:45:42 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：26578 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 大寒，是二十四節(jié)氣中的最后一個(gè)節(jié)氣。大寒節(jié)氣處在三九、四九時(shí)段，此時(shí)寒潮南下頻繁，是一年中的最寒冷時(shí)節(jié)。在大寒時(shí)節(jié)，中國(guó)大部分地區(qū)都處于寒冷的氣候條件下，這對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)有著重要影響。
 
　　大寒節(jié)氣里，各地農(nóng)活很少。北方地區(qū)老百姓多忙于積肥堆肥，為開(kāi)春作準(zhǔn)備；或者加強(qiáng)牲畜的防寒防凍。南方地區(qū)則仍加強(qiáng)小麥及其他作物的田間管理。
 
　　小麥管理
 
　　查看小麥越冬生長(zhǎng)情況，結(jié)合天氣情況加強(qiáng)田間管理。一二類苗可適度進(jìn)行鎮(zhèn)壓，保墑增溫；土壤較干要適當(dāng)澆水保墑，堅(jiān)持冷尾暖頭、夜凍晝消的原則。弱苗則不宜灌溉、鎮(zhèn)壓，確保冬小麥安全越冬。
 
　　其他糧油作物根據(jù)作物生長(zhǎng)情況和天氣條件，適當(dāng)施肥，增強(qiáng)作物抗凍、抗病抗逆能力，及時(shí)采取施肥、澆水、除草等管理措施。
 
　　蔬菜管理
 
　　及時(shí)移栽，加強(qiáng)管理。在下旬定植中小拱棚甘藍(lán)，番茄，定植前應(yīng)提前5-7天扣棚升溫，選晴天上午定植，并加蓋草苫保溫促進(jìn)緩苗。對(duì)基肥不足的大棚可在大寒后，在作物的大溝內(nèi)追施雞糞，翻入土壤中并及時(shí)澆水，可提高后期產(chǎn)量。繼續(xù)做好病害防治。加強(qiáng)對(duì)灰霉病、葉霉病、疫病、霜霉病、白粉病等的防治。
 
　　果樹(shù)管理-柑桔
 
　　防凍：一月是全年最冷的月份，極端低溫在-5℃以下時(shí)，很多柑桔品種就會(huì)受凍害。做好抗寒防凍和抗雪害工作，確保安全過(guò)冬，是柑桔的重點(diǎn)工作；
 
　　在春梢萌動(dòng)前完成清園；
 
　　修剪：連年豐產(chǎn)和衰弱樹(shù)的修剪以恢復(fù)樹(shù)勢(shì)為目的，在春梢萌動(dòng)時(shí)，剪去弱枝、病蟲枝和枯枝，短截已結(jié)果的枝條。間疏叢狀“掃把”枝，內(nèi)膛衰弱枝“留樁”(2-3寸帶2-3個(gè)芽的枝條)短截；
 
　　噴藥消滅越冬病害蟲，施重肥，利用果園間種綠肥，開(kāi)穴深施，同時(shí)樹(shù)盤松土、培土。
 
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